Introduction to Blueberries
Blueberries are one of the most versatile and healthy berries around! They are high in vitamins, polyphenols, and anthocyanins. Delicious eaten fresh off the shrub, there is also a dizzying number of ways they can be used—ranging from sweet to savoury—and even featured in juices and wines.
History
The Vaccinium family of plants has been around for thousands of years and were an important part of the First Nations community long before Europeans colonized what is now Canada. These plants grow around the globe in higher latitudes. Blueberries were not cultivated commercially until the early 20th century. Today, North American blueberry cultivars are also grown in places like New Zealand and South America.
Container Growing
Many blueberries can be grown in containers as long as their soil pH and moisture needs are met. Companion planting with wild strawberries in a large pot (about the size of a half oak barrel) helps retain moisture, and the acidic pH enhances the strawberries’ tangy flavour.
Pollination
Many varieties are self-fruitful, but your yield will increase with more plants and multiple varieties that bloom at the same time. A variety of bees, including bumble bees and the smaller blueberry bee, help pollinate these shrubs. Interestingly, blueberry pollen is released by a specific wing vibration frequency unique to these pollinators.
Planting
Blueberries and other members of the Vaccinium family thrive in loamy, acidic soil with a pH between 4.3 and 4.8. They require consistent moisture and benefit greatly from a yearly mulch application—hemlock, fir, or pine blends work well. For best production, plant in a sunny spot. Use a good blueberry or rhododendron fertilizer before and after blooming. It’s critical to provide adequate water during the first year to help your blueberry establish strong roots. These plants are slow to establish but will reward you for years to come!
Pruning Blueberries
Pruning usually begins in year two or three. It’s done during the dormant season and is key to long-term plant vigor. Start by removing any dead, diseased, or damaged branches at any time. Follow the 1/3 rule—never remove more than a third of the plant in one session. Remove a few of the oldest canes right down to the base to allow space and energy for new growth. This keeps the plant rejuvenated and productive.